EUSurvey - Survey : "A new start for Europe:
Opening up to an ERA of Innovation."
1. Strengthening the knowledge base and reducing fragmentation
This priority aims to deliver the European Research Area, promote excellence in education and skills development, and boosting talent and new business creation.
Main achievements and next steps:
The 2012
ERA Communication identified key measures to optimise the effectiveness of investment in R&D and consolidate the ERA partnership. The 2014
ERA Progress Report assessed progress in key policy areas and set the bases to measure the potential economic impact of ERA reforms have been set.
Fragmentation is being reduced through better linkages between academia and business, between public and the private sectors and between sectors. Joint Programming is succeeding in pooling national research efforts in order to make better use of Europe's public R&D resources and to tackle common European challenges more effectively in a few key areas, such as neurodegenerative diseases, metrology and rare diseases. Measures favouring researchers' mobility make it easier for European and third country researchers to work anywhere in Europe.
Also, the European Strategic Forum on Research and Infrastructures is facilitating multilateral initiatives leading to the better use and development of research infrastructures at the EU and international level. Currently 27 research infrastructure projects are under implementation, 14 of them are already providing services to their uses.
With Horizon 2020 , red tape was sensibly reduced to allow for wider, more competitive participation. All phases of the innovation cycle are now funded under a single programme, making sure that the knowledge produced can be better exploited for the realisation of new products and services.
Public-private and public-public partnerships are key elements of Horizon 2020. The private sector committed to invest nearly €10 billion in Joint Technology Initiatives , stimulating innovation in areas such as aeronautics, medicines, electronic components and systems, transport and bio-based industries, while contributing to reverse the declining role of industry in Europe. In addition, eight contractual Public Private Partnerships have been launched in areas such as green cars, energy efficient buildings and cleaner manufacturing processes, photonics and next generation internet. These partnerships are expected to leverage more than €6 billion of investments with substantial impact on the competitiveness of the EU industry and essential to address societal challenges.
Other measures that strengthen Europe's knowledge base and reduce fragmentation include activities by the EIT KICs , theKnowledge Alliances , the development of the Innovative Doctoral Training Principles and the Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions under Horizon 2020.
In the coming years, more Member States are expected to align to ERA principles, put in place strategies to train enough researchers, and launch new Knowledge Alliances. By the end of 2015, at least 60% of the European Strategic Research Infrastructures will be under implementation (compared to 56% in 2014).
2. Getting good ideas to market
This priority aims to remove obstacles to financing innovation, shape demand for innovative products and services and capitalise on intellectual property and creativity, creating a single market for innovation.
Main achievements and next steps: reinforced debt and equity facilities and the venture capital passport . Such newly launched mechanisms and initiatives provide substantial support for innovation by leveraging the engagement of industry and business. Measures to overcome the insufficient availability of finance in Europe, a major obstacle to getting innovations to the market, have been put in place. The Risk-Sharing Finance Facility , jointly set up by the European Commission with the European Investment Bank Group, has ensured that for every billion euro of EU budget money the EIB has mobilised €12 billion in loans and over €30 billion in final R&I investment. This has led to additional resources of up to €40 billion since 2007 for research and innovation activities that would otherwise have been left unfunded. Moreover, a specific SME Instrument was created to support SMEs in realising their best ideas.
Within the Investment Plan for Europe, the European Commission has proposed a European Fund for Strategic Investments (EFSI) to help shoulder risk inherent in projects to encourage private investment.
The European Commission and the European Investment Bank Group (EIB and EIF) also launched a new generation of EU financial instruments and advisory services to help innovative firms access finance more easily."InnovFin – EU Finance for Innovators " consist of a range of tailored products – from guarantees for intermediaries that lend to SMEs to direct loans to enterprises - helping support the smallest to the largest research and innovation projects in the EU and countries associated to Horizon 2020.
In recent years, public intervention has increasingly been used to stimulate the demand for innovation with instruments such as pre-commercial public procurement, innovation-friendly regulation and standards setting. For instance, procurement of innovation was facilitated by modernised procurement directives , a methodology for the screening of regulation in terms of its impact on innovation was developed and tested by the Commission, the eco-innovation action plan was launched, and standard-setting was modernised and made faster by a third.
In the coming years, the European Patent with Unitary Effect is expected to enter into force, after ratification of the Unitary Patent Court agreement by 13 Member States (so far, six Member States have ratified it) and the EU Public Procurement directives will be transposed by Member States.
3. Maximising social and territorial cohesion
This priority aims to close the innovation divide, support social innovation and mobilise public sector innovation.
Main achievements and next steps: Smart specialisation strategies with a sound and evidence-based focus on regional assets and strengths are expected to bring convergence in innovation performance across regions and countries. The obligation to develop Smart Specialisation Strategies (RIS3) as a precondition for European Regional Development Funds' innovation-related investments triggered a massive number of regions and Member States to reconsider their research and innovation policies and strategies. Such strategies are a stepping-stone towards place-specific, knowledge-based economic transformation.
Horizon 2020 also includes a set of measures aimed at ‘Spreading Excellence and Widening Participation’: Teaming, Twinning and ERA Chairs .
Social and public-sector innovation have gained significant political attention. The Commission now supports social innovation in a number of ways, including though support for the up-scaling of successful projects. On public sector innovation, dedicated research actions were complemented by the creation of related prizes and exploratory work was conducted towards possible future actions. New actors have been informed, consulted and involved in these actions, spreading the innovation culture to radically new areas and raising awareness about the potential for innovation-based growth across European regions, social groups and the public and private sector, paving the way for a more inclusive economy.
In the coming years, the Commission will support the implementation of action plans to develop the outstanding RIS3, support the regions and Member States in their efforts to strengthen the inter-regional and trans-national cooperation on smart specialisation fields, monitor the implementation of the RIS3 of the Member States and regions and support cooperation across borders. The Commission will continue supporting the diffusion of innovation to new sectors, for instance by monitoring the innovativeness of the public sector through the European Public Sector Innovation Scoreboard and the launch a new edition of the European Capital of Innovation
4. Pooling forces to achieve breakthroughs: European Innovation Partnerships
To overcome fragmentation of efforts and slow pace of change, Innovation Union put in place the European Innovation Partnerships (EIPs).
Main achievements and next steps: European Innovation Partnerships (EIPs) have presented a new approach to EU research and innovation. Five EIPs have been launched in key areas of active and healthy ageing, water, agriculture, raw materials and smart cities. They are now all in the implementation stage, having identified priorities, engaging a wide range of partners across the demand and supply sides of innovation, and starting to deliver first results. An independent evaluation of the overall performance of the EIPs concluded that there are sound reasons for the EU to continue promoting the EIP approach if the EIPs target systemic innovation with a strong focus on diffusion of innovation.
5. Leveraging our policies externally
This priority aims to maximise the excellence of Europe's science base and spur the growth of innovative companies through active international cooperation and by creating the right conditions to attract top talent.
Main achievements and next steps: roadmaps for international cooperation to allow early identification of cooperation initiatives with appropriate scale and scope and for their inclusion in the Horizon2020 work programmes. Partnerships between the EU and its Member States have also been strengthened with regards to the definition of common long term visions identifying priorities for cooperation with third countries, including the identification ofcommon research infrastructures priorities . In parallel, Europe is becoming more attractive by improving access and work conditions for foreign researchers interested in carrying out their projects in the EU. Further steps remain to be taken to make Europe even more attractive, for instance through the full roll out of the European Research Area actions at Member States level.
The dialogue with third countries and world regions to favour not only scientific cooperation but also adequate framework conditions for innovation is on-going. The new Scientific Visa is expected to take effect in 2016, after transposition by Member States.
This priority aims to monitor progress in the innovation performance of Europe.
In addition, under Horizon 2020 a Policy Support Facility (PSF) is being set up to support Member States in designing, implementing and evaluating their R&I policies drawing on high-level expert advice. Through the PSF, the Commission supports peer reviews of national research and innovation systems, in-depth mutual learning activities and tailored support to specific reforms.
All these analyses feed into the
European Semester , the yearly cycle of economic policy coordination. Within the Semester, country-specific recommendations related to research and innovation have been addressed to the Member States focussing on the challenges identified in the
Annual Growth Surveys (
486KB), and their implementation is closely monitored by the Commission.
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