Blue Sky Forum agenda - OECD -- an open and unconstrained discussion on evidence gaps in science and innovation and on initiatives the international community can take to address data needs in this area.

Blue Sky Forum agenda - OECD:

Every 10 years the OECD Blue Sky Forum engages the policy community, data users and providers into an open dialogue to review and develop its long-term agenda on science, technology and innovation (STI) data and indicators. This event is known as the “OECD Blue Sky Forum”, an open and unconstrained discussion on evidence gaps in science and innovation and on initiatives the international community can take to address data needs in this area.

The OECD Blue Sky 2016 Forum will run from 9:00 on Monday 19 September, preceded by a welcome dinner on Sunday 18 September, through 13:30 on Wednesday 21 September followed by a farewell lunch.

Sunday 18 September

18:30     Welcome by Daniel Termont, Mayor of Ghent, and dinner at Handelsbeurs, Kouter 29, 9000 Ghent

Monday 19 September

08:15-09:00	Registration and networking
09:00-09:30	Welcome to Ghent and the OECD Blue Sky Forum Anne De Paepe, Rector, Ghent University Elke Sleurs, State Secretary for Combating Poverty, for Equal Opportunities, for Disabled People and for Science Policy, in charge of Larger Towns, Belgium Mari Kiviniemi, OECD Deputy Secretary General
09:30-09:50	Key note remarks: The Honourable Kirsty Duncan, Minister of Science, Canada
09:50-10:30	Blue Sky key note lecture: Luc Soete, former Rector Magnificus of Maastricht University, the Netherlands
10:30-11:00	Networking break - Poster gallery, science maps exhibit
11:00-12:00	Science and Innovation policy-making today: what big questions are begging for an answer? Moderator: Mari Kiviniemi, OECD Deputy Secretary General Key note remarks: Manuel Heitor, Minister of Science, Technology and Higher Education, Portugal                                 What do we need to measure to foster “Knowledge as Our Common Future”? Panellists: Maryann Feldmann, University of North Carolina and National Science Foundation, United States  Paula Stephan, Georgia State University, United States  Sadao Nagaoka, Tokyo Keizai University and Japan Patent Office, Japan
12:00-13:15	Scope and limits of indicator use by STI policy Innovation is a complex machine, involving several actors and linkages, working differently in different contexts and locations. This session will discuss to what extent policy makers use indicators to understand their science and innovation system, monitor improvements in the way it works, and assess the consequences of their own policies. In particular: can indicators conceived for measurement at a high level of aggregation be used to influence behaviour at a more micro level? To what extent can a plurality of indicators be synthesised into a handful or in a single composite index? Are there any alternatives? Are impact indicators of innovation being used as an (imperfect) substitute for analysis of impact and quantitative policy evaluation? How can researchers and data providers best support the evidence needs of science and innovation decision makers and deliver suitable indicators? Moderator: Luis Sanz Menéndez, CSIC Institute of Public Goods and Policies, Spain Key note remarks: Stephen Curry, Imperial College, London The Metric Tide report  Panellists: Wolfgang Polt, Joanneum Research Forschungsges.m.b.H., Austria Charles Edquist, Copenhagen Business School, Denmark paper Dániel Vértesy, Joint Research Centre of the European Commission paper Frédérique Sachwald, Observatoire des Sciences et des Techniques (OST), France
13:15-14:30	Lunch
14:30-15:45	Towards more inclusive science and innovation indicators There is a broad perception that we lack robust theories and measures that map the ways in which societies seek and adopt novel ideas to address their major challenges. This session will address the reasons why progress in this area of measurement has been limited and what changes and improvements are on the horizon. In this context, can indicators be developed that capture science and innovation in a broader set of environments, such as research areas outside the mainstream, socially excluded groups, local realities, developing world, users and users communities? Can indicators be used to promote socially responsible and inclusive research and innovation policies, practices and outcomes? Are there any relevant examples that can be recommended for broader international adoption? What policy processes would enable adoption of these new indicators? Moderator: Monica Salazar, Inter-American Development Bank Panellists: Ismael Rafols, Universitat Politècnica de Valencia, Spain paper  Cassidy R. Sugimoto, Indiana University Bloomington, United States paper Eric von Hippel, MIT Sloan School of Management paper Ingeborg Meijer, Leiden University, the Netherlands paper
15:45-16:15	Networking break - Poster gallery, science maps exhibit
16:15-18:00	Parallel sessions Data analytics for science and innovation Room 1: Refter Technology diffusion and breakthroughs Room 4: Prior Developing novel indicators from scientometrics Room 3: Blancquaert Capturing innovation in firms: do we get it right? Room 2: Vermeylen Leveraging the potential of administrative data for science and innovation policy Room 5: Oude Infirmerie
20:00	Dinner at Handelsbeurs, Kouter 29, 9000 Ghent

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Tuesday 20 September

08:15-09:00	Registration and networking
09:00-09:45	Blue Sky key note lecture: Scott Stern, MIT Sloan School of Management, United States paper Innovation-Driven Entrepreneurial Ecosystems: A New Agenda for Measurement, Policy, and Action
09:45-11:00	Science and innovation policy-making in an era of Big Data Decisions made by science and innovation policy makers, public agencies, university administrators, and many others increasingly leave a digital trace that can be used to help improve the basis of such decisions. Many countries are implementing quantitative and qualitative data infrastructures to support more evidence-based STI policy-making. Some of these are initiated as part of broader open government and big data initiatives, while others are more specific to the STI policy domain. Is science and innovation policy a suitable domain for the application of big data analytics? What is the state of the art? What are the emerging opportunities and limitations of these new tools and techniques? And what are the standards and best practices that governments can promote to ensure greater availability of evidence for decision making? Moderator: Andrew Wyckoff, OECD, Directorate for Science, Technology and Innovation Panellists: Jeffrey M. Alexander, RTI International, Washington DC, United States paper Juan Mateos-García, NESTA, United Kingdom paper Erkki Ormala, Aalto University Business School, Finland
11:00-11:30	Networking break - Poster gallery, science maps exhibit
11:30-13:00	New models and tools for measuring science and innovation impacts Decision makers wish to understand the likely impacts of their actions in complex and uncertain environments. Measurement and attribution of impacts can be hampered by long lead times, an unknown degree of diffusion, as well as the need to account for systemic effects and actions by several actors. After 10 years of science for science and innovation policy initiatives, what models and tools are being successfully applied in order to improve our understanding of science and innovation impacts? To what extent are the implications of quantitative modelling taken into account in policy decisions? Also, what data and infrastructures are needed to “calibrate” and assess the performance of science and innovation models? What approaches can be used to facilitate the visualisation and understanding of impacts, beyond traditional “positioning” indicators? Key note remarks: Commissioner Carlos Moedas (European Commission, Research, Science and Innovation) Moderator: Dirk Pilat, OECD, Directorate for Science, Technology and Innovation Panellists: Adam Jaffe, Motu Economic and Public Policy Research, New Zealand "A Framework for Evaluating the Beneficial Impacts of Publicly Funded Research" Katy Börner, Indiana University, United States paper Koen Debackere, KU Leuven, Belgium Giovanni Dosi, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Italy
13:00-14:30	Lunch
14:30-15:45	New data and frontier tools: the challenge for official statistics in science and innovation Traditional business models everywhere are being disrupted. Is that also the case for the production of science and innovation statistics? This session will discuss how national statistical organisations (NSOs) cope with the fragmentation of science and innovation data among several governmental agencies and private repositories. It will also consider the emergence of new data sources, data gathering and analysis tools such as web scraping, natural language processing of unstructured data, online surveys. In this context, are NSOs embracing and leveraging these new tools and testing their performance, or are they leaving them for other actors to exploit?  Are traditional NSO products such as survey data becoming less attractive to users, or do they remain instead unique and distinctive sources of intelligence? Ten years from now, what types of science and innovation statistics will be produced by NSOs?    Moderator: Paul Schreyer, OECD, Statistics Directorate Key note remarks: Jeff Chen, Chief Data Scientist, US Department of Commerce, United States Panellists:                    Michail Skaliotis, European Commission, Eurostat   Dominik Rozkrut, Central Statistical Office, Poland  Haig McCarrell, Statistics Canada Elisabeth Kremp, National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies (INSEE), France
15:45-16:15	Networking break - Poster gallery, science maps exhibit
16:15-18:00	Parallel sessions Innovation and IP: what data gaps limit policy discussion? Room 2: Vermeylen Researchers on the move Room 3: Blancquaert Interaction and impacts of STI policies Room 1: Refter Capturing hidden innovators Room 5: Oude Infirmerie STI actors: the potential of direct surveys Room 4: Prior
18:30-20:30	Guided City Tour starting from Het Pand, including stopover for Belgian beer and fries tasting

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Wednesday 21 September

08:15-09:00	Registration and networking
09:00-10:15	Looking forward: what data infrastructures and partnerships? Data infrastructures underpinning policy making can all too easily be taken for granted. As the focus turns to “killer charts”, headline indicators or tweets, is there a risk of underinvesting in resource intensive STI datasets, in their integration with other statistical infrastructures and in making them more widely available to address a variety of purposes? The recent trend in the codification and opening of government data also provides an opportunity for understanding how science and innovation takes place and trace its impacts. What opportunities do new digital technologies offer for developing next-generation infrastructures? Data from commercial or non-profit platforms are now beginning to provide new insights on key scientific and innovation processes. How can such disparate sources be brought together? This session will discuss what can be done to develop and turn STI data infrastructures of all types into more relevant and user-friendly tools for decision makers. Moderator: Dominique Guellec, OECD, Directorate for Science, Technology and Innovation Panellists: Andrea Bonaccorsi, DISTEC, University of Pisa, Italy Clara Eugenia Garcia, State Secretariat for Research, Development and Innovation, Spain Laurel L. Haak, ORCID, United States Ed Simons, euroCRIS, the Netherlands
10:15-10:45	Networking break - Poster gallery, science maps exhibit
10:45-12:15	Parallel sessions Beyond indicators: the innovation and productivity nexus Room 1: Refter Towards standards for a common research infrastructure Room 3: Blancquaert Trust, culture and citizen's engagement in science and innovation Room 4: Prior Developing novel approaches to measure human capital and innovation Room 2: Vermeylen Surveying innovation in different contexts Room 5: Oude Infirmerie
12:15-13:30	Concluding Panel: the Blue Sky Agenda Kaye Husbands Fealing, Georgia Institute of Technology, School of Public Policy, United States Patrick Vock, State Secretariat for Education, Research and Innovation, Switzerland and Chair OECD Committee for Scientific and Technological Policy (CSTP) Yuko Harayama, Council for Science, Technology and Innovation (CSTI), Cabinet Office, Japan Ward Ziarko, Belgian Science Policy Office (BELSPO), Belgium Jonathan Haskel, Imperial College London Svein Olav Nås, Research Council Norway (RCN) and Chair OECD Working Party of National Experts on Science and Technology Indicators (NESTI)
13:30-14:30	Farewell lunch

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DRAFT AGENDA - version 29 of August 2016 (subject to changes)

OECD Blue Sky Forum location: Het Pand 

Download the program in pdf

Parallel sessions

Parallel session Monday 19 September 16:15-18:00

Data analytics for science and innovation Moderator: Katy Börner, Indiana University, United States High-Impact and Transformative Science (HITS) Metrics, Bruce Weinberg and Joseph Staudt, Ohio, State U, Jerry Marschke and Huifeng Yu, SUNY Albany, Katy Bӧrner and Robert P. Light, Indiana University Validation of a web mining technique to measure innovation in the Canadian nanotechnology-related community, Constant Rietsch, Catherine Beaudry, and Mikaël Héroux-Vaillancourt (Department of Mathematics and Industrial Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, Canada) Text mining to identify similar patents: a reassessment of the localization of knowledge spillovers from R&D, Sam Arts, Bruno Cassiman, KU Leuven, Belgium  Developing science culture indicators through text mining and online media monitoring, Martin W. Bauer (London School of Economics)  & Ahmet Suerdem (Bilgi University, Istanbul)

Technology diffusion and breakthroughs Moderator: Mosahid Khan, WIPO Do national borders slow down the diffusion of new technological fields? The case of big data in Europe, Tatiana Kiseleva, Ali Palali and Bas Straathof, (CPB Netherlands Bureau for Economic Policy Analysis), the Netherlands Lessons from ten years of nanotechnology bibliometric analysis, Jan Youtie (Georgia Institute of Technology), Alan Porter (Georgia Institute of Technology, Search Technology, Norcross, Georgia), Philip Shapira (Georgia Institute of Technology , University of Manchester), Nils Newman (Search Technology, Norcross, Georgia), United States Visualizing the impact of mission driven organizations: multiple perspectives on knowledge flows and Impact from research conducted on the international space station, Margaret M. Clements (Center for Knowledge Diffusion, Indiana, USA), Molly K. Macauley, Resources for the Future (Washington D.C., USA) Technological diffusion as a recombinant process: Evidence from patent data, Petros Gkotsis and Antonio Vezzani, European Commission, JRC-IPTS, Spain

Developing novel indicators from scientometrics Moderator: Laura Cruz, Institute of Public Goods and Policies, Spain Towards new scientific development models and research assessment support tools, Henk F. Moed, Center for Science and Technology Studies at Leiden University, the Netherlands Unravelling gender disparities in science: Analysis of contributorship and labor roles, Vincent Lariviere (École de bibliothéconomie et des sciences de l'information, Université de Montréal OST-CIRST, Université du Québec à Montréal) and Cassidy R. Sugimoto (School of Informatics and Computing Indiana University Bloomington) Citation classes: a novel indicator base to classify scientific output, Wolfgang Glänzel, Koenraad Debackere, Bart Thijs, KU Leuven, Belgium Bias against Novelty in Science: A Cautionary Tale for Users of Bibliometric Indicators, Jian Wang (KU Leuven), Reinhilde Veugelers (KU Leuven, Bruegel and CEPR) and Paula Stephan (Georgia State University and NBER) Local STI Indicators and Research Mobility, Elizabeth Amann, Ghent University

Capturing innovation in firms: do we get it right? Moderator: Louise Earl, Statistics Canada Survey based approaches to measuring innovation, Wesley M. Cohen, Duke University and NBER, United States State of the art insights in capturing, measuring and reporting firm-level innovation indicators, Machteld Hoskens, Julie Delanote, Koen Debackere and Laura Verheyden, ECOOM KU Leuven, Belgium Measuring Output of Process Innovation at the Firm Level: Results from German Panel Data, Christian Rammer, ZEW, Germany The quality of innovation statistics - Is data indifferent to the complexity of firm strategies? Leonid Gokhberg, Vitaliy Roud, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Russian Federation An ongoing examination of metrics for innovation in the U.S. business sector and future innovation measurement, Audrey Kindlon, Mark Boroush and John Jankowski, NCSES, USA (presented by John Jankowski, Director, R&D Statistics Program, National Science Fundation, USA)

Leveraging the potential of administrative data for science and innovation policy Moderator: Adam Jaffe, Motu Economic and Public Policy Research, New Zealand Putting the Cart Before a Lame Horse: A Case Study for Future Initiatives to Automate the Use of Administrative Records for Reporting Government R&D,Christopher V. Pece, NCSES, United States Forward-looking analysis based on grants data and machine learning based research classifications as an analytical tool, Christian Herzog, Aaron Sorensen, Michael Taylor, ÜberResearch GmbH   Science Intensity of industry by using linked dataset of science, technology and industry, Kenta Ikeuchi (NISTEP), Kazuyuki Motohashi (University of Tokyo and NISTEP) and Ryuichi Tamura (Hitotsubashi University), Japan Dynamics of interdisciplinarity in research and development networks for promoting sustainable innovation: A case study of the EU Framework Programme , Moon Jung Kang,  Technical University of Berlin, Korea Institute of Science and Technology Europe, Germany

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Parallel session Tuesday 20 September 16:15-18:00

Innovation and IP: what data gaps limit policy discussion? Moderator: : Alan Marco, U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, USA iproduct: a database  of linked products--intellectual property rights, Gaétan de Rassenfosse Assistant Professor, Chair of Innovation and IP Policy Trade Secrets: International Trade Policy and Empirical Research, Andre Barbe and Katherine Linton, US ITC What is an incremental but non-patentableinvention?, Intan Hamdan-Livramento and Julio Raffo, WIPO Standardization and Standards: Opportunities of and requirements for new research and innovation indicators, Knut Blind, Technische Universität Berlin,  Rotterdam School of Management, Fraunhofer Institute of Open Communication Systems FOKUS Societal impact metrics for non-patentable research in dentistry, Diana Hicks, Kim Isett, Julia Melkers, Le Song, Rakshit Trivedi (Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta)

Researchers on the move Moderator: Emilda B. Rivers, National Science Foundation, USA Towards a global scientific brain: Indicators of researchers mobility using co-affiliation data, Cassidy R. Sugimoto ( School of Informatics and Computing Indiana University Bloomington, USA), Nicolás Robinson-Garcia (INGENIO, CSIC-UPV), and Rodrigo Costas ( 3Centre for Science and Technology Studies,CWTS, Leiden) Measuring Researcher Mobility – A Comparison of Different Datasets and Methods with an Empirical Application of Micro-Data for the United States and Germany, Daniel Schiller, Alexander Cordes, Lower Saxony Institute for Economic Research (NIW) Scientific mobility as a bridge between two worlds: Analysing the impact of foreign-educated PhDs on academic upgrading in Mexico, Simone Sasso,Lorena Rivera León, UNU-MERIT, Maastricht University Mobility and inbreeding in the heart of Europe. Exploring academic careers in Dutch speaking Belgian universities, Marco Seeber, CHEGG, Noëmi Debacker, Karen Vandevelde, ECOOM, Belgium

Interaction and impacts of STI policies Moderator: Pierre Therrien, Department for Innovation, Science and Economic Development, Canada  Towards a portfolio of additionality indicators, D. Czarnitzki, J. Delanote and Koenraad Debackere, ECOOM KU Leuven Towards a typology of innovation system evaluation practices. Evidence from EU Member States, Mart Laatsit and Susana Borrás (Copenhagen Business School, Denmark) Implementation of innovation policy in a national innovation system perspective: A typology, Virginie Maghe, Michele Cincera, iCite – SBS-EM – ULB Policy and program assessment leveraging administrative data: the case of venture capital in Canada, Ryan Kelly, Hankook Kim,  Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada

Capturing hidden innovators Moderator: Vladimir Lopez-Bassols, Independent S&T policy consultant, USA Defining and measuring innovation in all sectors of the economy: policy relevance, Fred Gault, UNU-MERIT, the Netherlands The importance of measuring household sector innovation, Jeroen P.J. de Jong, Jeroen P.J. de Jong, Utrecht University School of Economics, the Netherlands Measuring Innovation in the Informal Economy. Formulating an Agenda, Jacques Charmes, Scientific Research Institute for Development (IRD), Marseille, France; Fred Gault UNU-MERIT and Sacha Wunsch-Vincent, WIPO Measuring innovation in the public sector, Anthony Arundel (University of Tasmania and UNU-MERIT) and Carter Bloch (Aarhus University, Denmark) The role of an inclusive innovation culture and innovation support strategies in university managerial and service innovations: Survey results for Australia and New Zealand, Anthony Arundel (University of Tasmania and UNU-MERIT)

STI actors: the potential of direct surveys Moderator: Fernando Galindo-Rueda, OECD Contributions of Pasteur’s quadrant research to science and innovation, Sadao Nagaoka, Tokyo Keizai University, Masatsura Igami, NISTEP, Japan Policies and preferences of academic actors: Explaining changes in academic employment models, Luis Sanz-Menéndez and Laura Cruz-Castro, CSIC, Institute of Public Goods and Policies (CSIC-IPP) Holistic and timely monitoring of STI system through an annual panel survey to experts and researchers — an experience in Japan, Masatsura IGAMI, NISTEP

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Parallel session Wednesday 21 September 10:45-12:15

Beyond indicators: the innovation and productivity nexus Moderator: Mariagrazia Squicciarini, OECD The Persistence of Growth of Large Corporations - An Exploratory Analysis of US Data 1963-2015, Giovanni Dosi, Institute of Economics, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna Marco Grazzi,  DSE, University of Bologna; Daniele Moschella, Institute of Economics, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna; Gary Pisano, Harvard University Public and private sector intangibles: spillovers and productivity growth in the EU and the US, Carol Corrado, (The Conference Board), New York,Jonathan Haskel, (Imperial College ,CEPR and IZA), London, Cecilia Jona-Lasinio, (ISTAT and LUISS Lab), Rome Innovation and productivity in formal and informal firms in Ghana, Xiaolan Fu (Oxford University), Pierre Mohnen (Maastricht University and UNU-MERIT), and Giacomo Zanello (University of Reading)

Towards standards for a common research infrastructure Moderator: Cecilia Cabello, Spanish Foundation for Science and Technology, Spain Towards data integration for research funding and performing organisations: a Science Europe initiative, Science Europe Working Group Research Policy and Programme Evaluation - Members of Work Strand "Addressing Data and Indicators Limitations". Presented by Matteo Razzanelli and Lisa Murphy, Science Europe. Open AIRE - The use of an Open Science e-Infrastructure for research analysis and impact measurement, Inge Van Nieuwerburgh (Ghent University), Natalia Manola (University of Athens) The “Research Core Dataset” as a standard for research information: towards quality-assured and comparable data on research processes and outputs,Sophie Biesenbender (German Centre for Higher Education Research and Science Studies (DZHW), Berlin) , Mathias Riechert (Technical University of Berlin) A framework to monitor open science trends in the EU, Elta Smith, Joanna Chataway, Salil Gunashekar (RAND Europe) Towards an open infrastructure for STI data, Peter van den Besselaar, Ali Khalili, Al Iddrisou, Antonis Loizou, Stefan Schlobach, Frank van Harmelen, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Network Institute Towards an Open Quadruple Helix Indicators Factory, Andrea Bonaccorsi (DISTEC, University of Pisa), Giuseppe Catalano, Cinzia Daraio, Henk F. Moed, Department of Computer, Control and Management Engineering Antonio Ruberti (DIAG), Sapienza University of Rome

Developing novel approaches to measure human capital and innovation Moderator: John Gawalt, National Science Foundation, USA The difference makes a difference: Team diversity and innovation, Julia Schneider (Stifterverband) and Verena Eckl (SV Wissenschaftsstatistik), Germany Paradise of Novelty – or Loss of Human Capital? A Natural Experiment in Switching Fields and Creative Output, Sam Arts (KU Leuven), Lee Fleming (UC Berkeley) Using New Growth Theory to Sharpen the Focus on People and Places in Innovation Measurement, Carol A. Robbins, National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics National Science Foundation, United States

Surveying innovation in different contexts Moderator: : Tomohiro Ijichi, National Institute of Science and Technology Policy, Japan Measuring Firm-Level Innovation Using Short Questionnaires. Evidence from an Experiment, Xavier Cirera and Silvia Muzi, World Bank Innovation strategies in Latin American firms, Fernando Vargas, UNU-MERIT and Maastricht University  Towards a More Reliable Measure of Substantive Innovation from Self-Reported Surveys: Hard Tests of the 2014 Rural Establishment Innovation Survey Latent Class Analysis, Timothy R. Wojan, U.S. Department of Agriculture, USA Undervalued innovators: expansion of innovation surveys to agriculture, mining, and utilities, Leonid Gokhberg, Vitaliy Roud, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Russian Federation

Trust, culture and citizen's engagement in science and innovation Moderator: Carthage Smith, OECD Relating ‘Science Culture’ and Innovation, Martin W Bauer (LSE, UK) & Amhet Suerdem (Bilgi, Istanbul) Understanding the plurality of public interests for open strategy in science and innovation, Go Yoshizawa (Osaka University), Makiko Suga, Mitsuru Kudo, Eri Mizumachi, and Kei Kano, Japan Innovation and public understanding of science: possibility of new indicators for the analysis of public attitudes to science, technology and innovation, Iván G. Peyré Tartaruga, Rosmari Terezinha Cazarotto,Clitia Helena Backx Martins, Ana Fukui, Grupo de Estudos sobre Ciência, Tecnologia, Inovação e Desenvolvimento – GECTID, Brazil Gap in attitudes toward science and technology between scientists and the public: The case of stem cell research and regenerative medicine, Ryuma Shineha (Seijo University), Yusuke Inoue (University of Tokyo), Tsunakuni Ikka (National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry), Atsuo Kishimoto (University of Tokyo), Yoshimi Yashiro (Kyoto University)

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The Blue Sky Forum is organised by the OECD in partnership with the Belgium’s Federal Science Policy Office, the Flanders Regional Government, the University of Ghent and the City of Ghent.

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